三江并流世界自然遗产云岭片区居民点 发展模式研究

中国世界自然遗产及缓冲区普遍存在大量社区居 民,如何科学选择居民点发展模式是遗产保护管理中需重点关 注的问题。以云岭片区为例,首先通过对社区历史风貌、人口 结构与产业发展模式等进行田野调查,利用指标体系法从自然 条件、区位条件、人口结构、产业发展模式、景观风貌与传统 文化五方面对云岭片区居民点居住适宜性进行评估。其次,利 用物种分布模型研究居民点对滇金丝猴栖息地的影响,得到基 于遗产地核心价值保护的居民点分类结果。对以上研究结果进 行叠加分析,最终将片区内各居民点分为搬迁型、疏解型、传 统生活生产控制型和生态旅游控制型4种发展模式。研究成果 将为以标准x入选的世界自然遗产地居民点发展模式的探讨提 供技术指导和案例参照。     

从新农村建设到乡村振兴的广东省实践探索

乡村的规划建设在我国具有重要的政治、经济、社会、文化、生态意义,是全面建成小康社会、美丽中国的关键一环。通过对乡村政策的梳理,整体分析了国家从“社会主义新农村建设”到“乡村振兴”政策演进的脉络和要求,从广东省的层面剖析了乡村规划建设政策推进的全过程,重点分析了从乡村规划编制到乡村振兴实施路径的实践探索。提出,广东省的乡村建设实践在村庄规划编制、乡村特色挖掘与塑造,以及共建共享共治机制等方面都有重要经验,形成了一系列可推广的新农村“组合抱团”规划建设、规划设计建设运营一体化建设、以“道”兴村的模式。同时指出,未来乡村振兴应该结合文化、产业进行更多的思考和总结,实现真正的城乡融合和美丽乡村。     

全球视角下的粤港澳大湾区创新发展研究

全球视角下的粤港澳大湾区创新发展研究,将为大湾区建设国际科技创新中心提供方向。立足全球化背景下创新发展趋势,通过分析对比和总结归纳,识别当前大湾区区域和城市在创新发展的特征、问题和原因,并对大湾区提升全球创新地位提出建议。分析发现,大湾区创新主体高度集聚,创新产出和创新服务具有全球竞争力,但仍存在基础创新较弱、创新协作不足、创新服务品质不高等问题。基于以上结论,进一步提出了提升大湾区在全球创新地位的有关建议,包括推动产学研一体化发展、加强多元创新协同、优化创新环境品质等。     

David Godschalk

David R. Godschalk, professor emeritus in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, passed away in early 2018. In this essay we reflect on Dave’s planning scholarship and practice. We discuss his main contributions in 4 prominent areas. First is the importance of public participation and collaboration for the planning and governance of communities. He argued for democratizing and recasting public participation, with planners working alongside community members coproducing plans and incorporating uncertainty, new information, and different viewpoints. Second is Dave’s focus on the tenets of the comprehensive plan and its core element, the land use plan. In the plan, central principles of livable urban forms and model planning processes can be integrated and translated to practice. With academic collaborators and practitioners he pioneered theoretical and empirical research on what constitutes a high-quality plan, a fundamental question at the heart of planning. Third is his research demonstrating how spatial planning can be used for hazard mitigation and urban resilience. This work forged a new generation of planning academics and practitioners who focused on hazard plans for predisaster mitigation and postdisaster recovery at multiple governmental levels. Finally, fourth is his personal involvement in planning-related institutions that he helped create, lead, or steer. In his various roles as scholar, teacher, mentor, collaborator, supervisor, planning director, and elected official, Dave touched the lives of many who now build on his contributions in creating better communities.     

Changing Residential Land Use Regulations to Address High Housing Prices

Problem, research strategy, and findings: In the past 3 decades, a series of presidential administrations—and the APA—have recommended that cities update their zoning codes to enable more affordable and market-rate housing development. I identify 5 main categories of policy recommendations they have suggested and then assess Los Angeles’s (CA) zoning changes in these categories between 2000 and 2016. I answer 2 questions: First, what zoning changes did Los Angeles adopt to address housing affordability? Second, how were these changes initiated, and what were their scope and geographic extent? I find that Los Angeles made modest progress in the 5 policy categories. The city left its large-lot, single-family zoning mostly untouched, but it rezoned roughly 1,200 acres citywide to allow at least 50 housing units per acre, reduced parking requirements in some areas, made it easier to build accessory dwelling units, and adopted new incentives for affordable housing. Several policy changes resulted from new state laws, and Los Angeles voters approved new incentives for affordable housing near transit. Homeowner influence likely prevented the municipality from engaging in larger zoning reforms. I do not study the effects of Los Angeles’s regulatory changes on housing production and prices, but such research is an important next step. I also do not assess new regulations that counteracted the impact of the 5 categories of policy recommendations.

Takeaway for practice: This research suggests 2 lessons: 1) Planners should encourage state governments to preempt local zoning when it reduces affordable housing options and there is limited local political will for change, and 2) planners should identify feasible and effective zoning changes that would increase affordable housing given local considerations.     

桥梁工程：科学、技术和工程

桥梁工程学科包括科学研究、技术发开和工程建造。桥梁科学研究的最高目标是科学发现,发现客观存在的规律和问题必须站在前沿,近3年研判出的5项研究前沿和五项开发前沿值得思考;桥梁技术开发的最高目标是技术创新,创新主观需要的工具或方法,必须旨在增值,二次大战后60年以3项桥梁核心技术为代表的60项创新技术发挥了重要作用;桥梁工程建造的最高目标是工程创造,创造客观没有的结构或构件,这必须存在需求,新世纪20项IABSE杰出结构奖造就了18项工程创造和17项技术创新。桥梁工程的未来必然朝着长寿命、特大跨、超深水、多灾害、全信息和可持续等方向发展。     

文化景观视角下的福建河坑村土楼群自然景观保护与发展研究

相对于文化遗产,文化景观遗产由于所含要素更加丰富,并有着特定而复杂的自然、经济和社会结构,往往具有整体性功能和多样化利用价值。以世界文化遗产——河坑村土楼群为例,通过对村落历史沿革、选址布局及生态山水环境等方面的梳理分析,重点剖析自然景观构成要素与现状风貌,并挖掘具有地域特色的水景观与稻田景观类型。最后在整体风貌保护、人居环境改善、适度旅游开发等方面提出河坑村文化景观遗产保护与发展策略,为制定传统村落文化景观整体性保护框架提供参考依据。     

深厚煤层开采底板变形特征的光纤监测研究

煤层工作面采动会引起采场底板应力场重新分布,发生煤岩体的变形与破坏,准确掌握其时空发育特征对底板突水预测具有十分重要的意义。为了探究大埋深特厚煤层开采底板岩层裂隙场的发育规律,依托准格尔煤田某矿开采工作面,采用井孔光纤应变测试技术开展室内岩石压裂测试并实施底板监测,获得了大采高底板下不同深度岩层随工作面推进的应变变化曲线及特征。结果表明:光纤监测技术可有效捕捉深部煤炭开采底板岩层破坏特征,特别反映出在垂向分布上通过应变与岩层对应关系可得到底板裂隙场发育具有一定的分层性,其分布主要受地层结构影响,并且破坏优先发生于软弱岩层和软、硬岩层交界面附近。且通过1#、2#钻孔应变特征综合分析61101工作面受采动影响底板最大裂隙发育深度为21.5 m。     

A novel paradigm for managing the product development process utilising blockchain technology principles

The product conceptualisation, design and manufacturing phases are becoming increasingly complex, since more available resources, stakeholders and sophisticated technologies are involved during product development. The exchange and management of product-related information is often a challenging task, affecting significantly the intellectual property protection process as well as the distinction of roles among stakeholders. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that utilises blockchain technology principles for managing product development information and processes with the goal of providing new approaches to extending the functionality of product data management systems. A test case focusing on products developed with additive manufacturing technologies is presented.     

城市地下空间开发利用现状及未来发展理念

城市快速发展出现诸如环境污染、资源短缺、交通拥堵、房价高等“大城市病”问题,破解“大城市病”的最佳选择在于开展城市地下空间开发利用。归纳我国大城市建设存在的“大城市病”特征,提出了城市地下空间开发利用对于城市可持续发展的现实意义,对国内外城市地下空间开发现状进行了综述,明确了当前城市地下空间开发利用存在的核心问题及发展方向;基于国内外现状分析,明确进行了我国未来地下城市空间开发利用的发展原则;提出未来地下城市规划布局发展的若干理念,从法制构建角度倡导树立第四国土、地下红线理念;从规划、设计、建造角度推崇融合设计、规划留白、智慧建造等理念;从空间角度提议采用节点TOD空间布局理念;从可持续发展角度坚持以人为本理念。本研究综述及发展理念旨在为未来大城市立体空间联动利用提供模式借鉴。